ABSTRACT
Aim: to identify the profile of frequent users of emergency services, to verify the associated factors and to analyze the reasons for the frequent use of the services. METHOD: An explanatory sequential type mixed method was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from the electronic medical records, with a sample of 385 users attended four or more times in an emergency service, during the year 2011. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 users, intentionally selected from the results of the quantitative stage. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative data using thematic analysis. RESULTS: It was found that 42.9% were elderly, 84.9% had chronic diseases, 63.5% were classified as urgent, 42.1% stayed for more than 24 hours in the service and 46.5% were discharged. Scheduled follow-up appointment, risk classification, length of stay and outcome were factors associated with frequent use. The reasons for seeking the services were mainly related to the exacerbation of chronic diseases, to easier access and concentration of technology, to the bond, and to the scheduled appointments. CONCLUSIONS: The results contribute to comprehending the repeated use of emergency services and provide additional data to plan alternatives to reduce frequent use. .
OBJETIVO: identificar o perfil de usuários frequentes de serviço de emergência, verificar fatores associados e analisar os motivos para utilização frequente do serviço. MÉTODO: adotou-se método misto, do tipo sequencial explanatório. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados em registros de prontuários eletrônicos, com amostra de 385 usuários, atendidos quatro vezes ou mais em um serviço de emergência, durante o ano de 2011. Os dados qualitativos foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 18 usuários, selecionados intencionalmente a partir dos resultados da etapa quantitativa. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados com estatística descritiva e inferencial e os qualitativos com análise temática. RESULTADOS: identificou-se que 42,9% eram idosos, 84,9% tinham doenças crônicas, 63,5% foram classificados como urgentes, 42,1% permaneceram mais de 24 horas no serviço e 46,5% tiveram alta. Os fatores associados à utilização frequente são retorno agendado, classificação de risco, tempo de permanência e desfecho. Os motivos da busca pelo serviço são relacionados, principalmente, à agudização de doenças crônicas, maior facilidade de acesso, concentração de tecnologia, vínculo e retornos agendados. CONCLUSÕES: os resultados contribuem para compreensão do uso repetido de serviços de emergência e oferecem subsídios para planejamento de alternativas para redução da utilização frequente. .
OBJETIVO: identificar el perfil de usuarios frecuentes de servicios de emergencia, verificar los factores asociados y analizar los motivos para utilización frecuente de ese servicio. MÉTODO: se adoptó un método mixto del tipo secuencial explicativo. Los datos cuantitativos fueron recolectados en registros de fichas electrónicas, con muestra de 385 usuarios atendidos cuatro veces o más, en un servicio de emergencia, durante el año de 2011. Los datos cualitativos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 18 usuarios, seleccionados intencionalmente a partir de los resultados de la etapa cuantitativa. Los datos cuantitativos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial y los cualitativos con análisis temático. RESULTADOS: se identificó que 42,9% eran ancianos, 84,9% tenían enfermedades crónicas, 63,5% fueron clasificados como urgentes, 42,1% permanecieron más de 24 horas en el servicio y 46,5% tuvieron alta para el domicilio. El retorno programado, la clasificación de riesgo, el tiempo de permanencia y el resultado, son factores asociados a la utilización frecuente. Los motivos de la búsqueda por el servicio son relacionados, principalmente a: la agudización de enfermedades crónicas, la mayor facilidad de acceso y concentración de tecnología, los vínculos, y a los retornos programados. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados contribuyen para la comprensión del uso repetido de servicios de emergencia y ofrecen informaciones para planificar alternativas para reducción de la utilización frecuente. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Mice , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy , Diet, Ketogenic , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Oxidative Stress , Cell Line, Tumor , Combined Modality Therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Ketones/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Mice, Nude , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism , Radiation Tolerance , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
The glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1 SD) (OMIM 606777) is an inborn error of metabolism of brain glucose transport. The characteristic clinical manifestations are seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, microcephaly and hypoglycorrhachia. We report a girl with normal weight and height at birth. At 6 weeks of age she started with convulsions reaching up to 20 myoclonic seizures a day. She was treated with valproate, phenobarbital and carbamazepine without response. Blood analysis including aminoacids and acylcarnitines were all normal. The brain MRI showed frontal atrophy with an increased subarachnoidal space and Electroencephalography was abnormal. Blood glucose was 84 mg/dl and spinal fluid glucose 26 mg/dl with a ratio of 0.31 (Normal Ratio >0.65+00.1). These results suggested the diagnosis of GLUT-1 SD, and was confirmed with erythrocyte glucose uptake of 44 percent (Normal range 80-100 percent). A molecular study found the mutation 969del, C971T in exon 6 of the gene Glut-1. Treatment with a ketogenic diet was started immediately and after 7 days with this diet seizures ceased. Anticonvulsants were progressively suspended. At present, the patient is 6 years old, she continues on a ketogenic diet and supplements with L-carnitine, lipoic acid, vitamins and minerals. Growth and development are normal with an intelligence quotient of 103. It is concluded that it is necessary to include GLUT-1 SD in the differential diagnosis of children with early seizures that are non responsive to pharmacological treatment.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diet therapy , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Glucose Transporter Type 1/deficiency , Ketones/metabolism , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood , Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Seizures/diet therapy , Seizures/drug therapy , SyndromeABSTRACT
The kinetic mechanism of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activity with the redox pair 2-propanol/acetone has been probed in detail by the application of initial rate studies in the absence and in the presence of products, and a dead-end inhibitor pyrazole. An overall steady-state random Bi Bi mechanism in both directions, with the formation of both abortive ternary complexes, enzyme.NADH.2-propanol and enzyme.NAD+.acetone has been observed. A complete list of steady-state kinetic constants are also reported for the redox pair (S)-(+)-2-butanol/2-butanone.